Удалил большинство пакетов, используя apt-get purge package\*; Как я могу вернуть их?

Вот список удаленных пакетов (по крайней мере, в Debian):

➜  ~  apt-get -s purge wine\*
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
      apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
      Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
      so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'kmfl-keyboards-mywin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kwin-style-qtcurve' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'windows-el' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'avifile-win32-plugin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind8' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'navit-graphics-gtk-drawing-area' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'golang-go-darwin-amd64' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'hwinfo' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing2-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winff-gtk2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-unstable' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-bin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winff-qt' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'scim-chewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'openwince-jtag' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gpgv-win32' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-openal' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gemrb-icewind-dale-data' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine32-dev-tools' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'petitboot-twin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libswing-layout-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libswing-layout-java-doc' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gemrb-icewind-dale-2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'plplot12-driver-xwin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libswingx-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libfreehep-swing-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing3-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kdeartwork-theme-window' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libx11-windowhierarchy-perl' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-gecko-dbg-2.21' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'golang-go-windows-amd64' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-capi' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winbind' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libtwin0' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine-utils' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winff-doc' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'q4wine-unstable' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'win32-loader' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-development-preloader' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'cpio-win32' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-development' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wininfo' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libkwineffects1abi5' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'freepwing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing3-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-ldap' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-oss' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winpdb' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libkwinglesutils1' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwind0-heimdal' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-gphoto2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-sane' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'phylowin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'qml-module-qtquick-window2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-alsa' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'matchbox-window-manager' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'windowlab' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-bin-unstable' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libworldwind-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'ibus-chewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwings-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winswitch' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwin-hivex-perl' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wink' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'worldwind' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-windows-forms-datavisualization4.0a-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'q4wine' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winetricks' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winkeydaemon' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine32-unstable' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-development-tools' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-development-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'mate-window-manager' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libtwin-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'shiki-wine-theme' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine32' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libcsfml-window2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libkwinglutils1abi2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmate-window-settings-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind-setjmp0-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wings3d' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libnss-winbind' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmate-window-settings1' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kde-window-manager' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind1-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libswingx1-java-doc' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind7-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-development-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine-development' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libparse-win32registry-perl' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libswingx1-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-cms' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'science-viewing-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmate-window-settings-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'avant-window-navigator' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-reactive-windows-threading2.1-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-drawing-design4.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libsfml-window2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind-setjmp0-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'ibus-chewing-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'openwince-include' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'qtdeclarative5-window-plugin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'fcitx-chewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gemrb-icewind-dale-2-data' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind8-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kwin-style-dekorator' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing-data' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-bin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-development' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libapache2-mod-auth-ntlm-winbind' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine32-development' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'golang-go-windows-386' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-reactive-windows-forms2.1-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwings2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-gl' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine1.2' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine1.3' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine-unstable' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine1.4' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine1.5' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'x-window-system-core' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing3-data' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind8-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-windowsbase3.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kwin-style-oxygen-transparent' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winwrangler' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'plplot11-driver-xwin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-reactive-windows-threading2.2-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine-doc' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'golang-go-darwin-386' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wing-data' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-winforms2.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'arc-wine' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'x-window-manager' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libjenkins-winstone-java-doc' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'fte-xwindow' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-windows-forms-datavisualization4.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine32-development-tools' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'hime-chewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gzip-win32' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libjenkins-winstone-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'pd-windowing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-windowsbase4.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmate-window-settings1-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libswingx-java-doc' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-reactive-windows-forms2.2-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine64-dev-tools' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libpam-winbind' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kwin4-style-bespin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'ucimf-chewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'kwin-style-crystal' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gextractwinicons' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'uim-chewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'twinkle' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'emacs-window-layout' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing3' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gemrb-icewind-dale' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'gnome-wine-icon-theme' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'x-window-system' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libchewing1-dev' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winbind4' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'science-viewing' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libjswingreader-java' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'plplot9-driver-xwin' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libmono-system-windows4.0-cil' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'twine' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libunwind-setjmp0' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winbindd' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winff' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'python-strongwind' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'winff-dbg' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'libwine-gecko-2.21' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'all-knowing-dns' for regex 'wine*'
Note, selecting 'wine-bin' for regex 'wine*'

И это были фактически удаленные пакеты:

The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-control-center* gvfs-backends* keepass2* libglade2.0-cil*
  libgssapi3-heimdal* libgtk2.0-cil* libhdb9-heimdal* libheimntlm0-heimdal*
  libhx509-5-heimdal* libkdc2-heimdal* libkrb5-26-heimdal*
  libmate-window-settings1* libmono-cil-dev* libmono-http4.0-cil*
  libmono-microsoft-web-infrastructure1.0-cil*
  libmono-system-data-services2.0-cil* libmono-system-data-services4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-design4.0-cil* libmono-system-drawing-design4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil* libmono-system-messaging4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-reactive-windows-forms2.2-cil*
  libmono-system-reactive-windows-threading2.2-cil*
  libmono-system-runtime4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-servicemodel-activation4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-servicemodel-discovery4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-servicemodel-routing4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-servicemodel-web4.0-cil* libmono-system-servicemodel4.0a-cil*
  libmono-system-serviceprocess4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-abstractions4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-dynamicdata4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-extensions-design4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-extensions4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-http-selfhost4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-http-webhost4.0-cil* libmono-system-web-mvc3.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-routing4.0-cil* libmono-system-web-services4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-webpages-deployment2.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-webpages-razor2.0-cil*
  libmono-system-web-webpages2.0-cil* libmono-system-web4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-windows-forms-datavisualization4.0a-cil*
  libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil* libmono-system-windows4.0-cil*
  libmono-system-xml-serialization4.0-cil* libmono-web4.0-cil*
  libmono-windowsbase3.0-cil* libmono-windowsbase4.0-cil*
  libmono-winforms2.0-cil* libnunit-cil-dev* libnunit2.6-cil* libsmbclient*
  libsmbclient-dev* libwebkit1.1-cil* libwind0-heimdal* libwine*
  libwine-gecko-2.21* mate-control-center* mate-desktop-environment-core*
  mono-4.0-service* mono-complete* mono-devel* monodoc-browser*
  monodoc-manual* mplayer* mpv* python-samba* samba* samba-common-bin*
  samba-dsdb-modules* samba-libs* samba-vfs-modules* wine* wine64*

Самый страшный пакет, который был удален, был x-window-managerпока ничего подобного не было удалено. Что я могу сказать, так это то, что, если вы не используете KDE или MATE, не будет ни одного пакета, удаление которого могло бы привести к удалению ваших системных пакетов или оставило бы вас с поврежденной системой, фактически, если какой-либо действительно важный пакет, который оставлял бы ваша система не загружается, вы должны увидеть следующее предупреждение:

WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
  apt

В этом случае вам будет предложено ввести полную фразу "Я знаю, что я делаю! ", Буквально. Итак, поскольку мы знаем, какие пакеты были удалены, мы можем знать, какую функциональность мы потеряли... фактически ни одного! У нас все еще есть сетевой менеджер и apt/dpkg, так что исправить / вернуть это будет очень просто, просто перейдя на TTY (Ctrl + Alt + F1) и установив (k|l|x)ubuntu-desktop метапакета должно быть достаточно, чтобы вернуть все в нормальное состояние.

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

С этого момента проверьте, какой другой пакет, который вы установили, больше не установлен.

Ах, последний совет, если вы не знаете, что будет делать регулярное выражение, не делайте этого. Это соответствовало любой упаковке, которая имела win или же wine в его названии. И как всегда -s/--simulate твой друг.